· Fixing Wi-Fi Issues in OS X El Capitan. Patch (computing) - Wikipedia. Not to be confused with Hotfix. A patch is a piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data, to fix or improve it.[1] This includes fixing security vulnerabilities[1] and other bugs, with such patches usually called bugfixes or bug fixes,[2] and improving the usability or performance. Although meant to fix problems, poorly designed patches can sometimes introduce new problems (see software regressions). In some special cases updates may knowingly break the functionality, for instance, by removing components for which the update provider is no longer licensed or disabling a device. How to Fix the Volume on Your Computer in Windows. Volume issues are very common on a Windows computer. Usually, in Windows XP and Windows 7, issues can be fixed. Last updated: August 4, 2017. The issues documented in this article have been reported after installing the recent updates listed below. ![]() Patch management is a part of lifecycle management, and is the process of using a strategy and plan of what patches should be applied to which systems at a specified time. Patches for proprietary software are typically distributed as executable files instead of source code. This type of patch modifies the program executable—the program the user actually runs—either by modifying the binary file to include the fixes or by completely replacing it. On early 8- bit microcomputers, for example the Radio Shack. TRS- 8. 0, the operating system included a PATCH utility which accepted patch data from a text file and applied the fixes to the target program's executable binary file(s). Small in- memory patches could be manually applied with the system debug utility, such as CP/M's DDT or MS- DOS's DEBUG debuggers. Programmers working in interpreted BASIC often used the POKE command to temporarily alter the functionality of a system service routine. Patches can also circulate in the form of source code modifications. In this case, the patches usually consist of textual differences between two source code files, called "diffs". These types of patches commonly come out of open- source projects. In these cases, developers expect users to compile the new or changed files themselves. Because the word "patch" carries the connotation of a small fix, large fixes may use different nomenclature. Bulky patches or patches that significantly change a program may circulate as "service packs" or as "software updates". Microsoft Windows NT and its successors (including Windows 2. Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7) use the "service pack" terminology.[3] Historically, IBM used the terms "Fix. Paks" and "Corrective Service Diskette" to refer to these updates.[4]History[edit]. A program tape for the 1. Harvard Mark I, one of the first digital computers. Note physical patches used to correct punched holes by covering them. Historically, software suppliers distributed patches on paper tape or on punched cards, expecting the recipient to cut out the indicated part of the original tape (or deck), and patch in (hence the name) the replacement segment. Later patch distributions used magnetic tape. Then, after the invention of removable disk drives, patches came from the software developer via a disk or, later, CD- ROM via mail. With the widely available Internet access, downloading patches from the developer's web site or through automated software updates became often available to the end- users. there. Starting with Apple's Mac OS 9 and Microsoft's Windows ME, PC operating systems gained the ability to get automatic software updates via the Internet.Computer programs can often coordinate patches to update a target program. Automation simplifies the end- user’s task – they need only to execute an update program, whereupon that program makes sure that updating the target takes place completely and correctly.Service packs for Microsoft Windows NT and its successors and for many commercial software products adopt such automated strategies. . Some programs can update themselves via the Internet with very little or no intervention on the part of users.The maintenance of server software and of operating systems often takes place in this manner.In situations where system administrators control a number of computers, this sort of automation helps to maintain consistency. The application of security patches commonly occurs in this manner. Application[edit]The size of patches may vary from a few kilobytes to hundreds of megabytes; thus, more significant changes imply a larger size, though this also depends on whether the patch includes entire files or only the changed portion(s) of files. In particular, patches can become quite large when the changes add or replace non- program data, such as graphics and sounds files. Such situations commonly occur in the patching of computer games. Compared with the initial installation of software, patches usually do not take long to apply. In the case of operating systems and computer server software, patches have the particularly important role of fixing security holes. Some critical patches involve issues with drivers.[5] Patches may require prior application of other patches, or may require prior or concurrent updates of several independent software components. To facilitate updates, operating systems often provide automatic or semi- automatic updating facilities. Completely automatic updates have not succeeded in gaining widespread popularity in corporate computing environments, partly because of the aforementioned glitches, but also because administrators fear that software companies may gain unlimited control over their computers.[citation needed]Package management systems can offer various degrees of patch automation. Usage of completely automatic updates has become far more widespread in the consumer market, due largely[citation needed] to the fact that Microsoft Windows added support for them[when?], and Service Pack 2 of Windows XP (available in 2. Cautious users, particularly system administrators, tend to put off applying patches until they can verify the stability of the fixes. Microsoft (W)SUS support this. In the cases of large patches or of significant changes, distributors often limit availability of patches to qualified developers as a beta test. Applying patches to firmware poses special challenges, as it often involves the provisioning of totally new firmware images, rather than applying only the differences from the previous version. The patch usually consists of a firmware image in form of binary data, together with a supplier- provided special program that replaces the previous version with the new version; a motherboard. BIOS update is an example of a common firmware patch. Any unexpected error or interruption during the update, such as a power outage, may render the motherboard unusable. It is possible for motherboard manufacturers to put safeguards in place to prevent serious damage; for example, the update procedure could make and keep a backup of the firmware to use in case it determines that the primary copy is corrupt (usually through the use of a checksum, such as a CRC). Video games[edit]Video games receive patches to fix compatibility problems after their initial release just like any other software, but they can also be applied to change game rules or algorithms. These patches may be prompted by the discovery of exploits in the multiplayer game experience that can be used to gain unfair advantages over other players. Extra features and gameplay tweaks can often be added. These kinds of patches are common in first- person shooters with multiplayer capability, and in MMORPGs, which are typically very complex with large amounts of content, almost always rely heavily on patches following the initial release, where patches sometimes add new content and abilities available to players. Because the balance and fairness for all players of an MMORPG can be severely corrupted within a short amount of time by an exploit, servers of an MMORPG are sometimes taken down with short notice in order to apply a critical patch with a fix. In software development[edit]Patches sometimes become mandatory to fix problems with libraries or with portions of source code for programs in frequent use or in maintenance. This commonly occurs on very large- scale software projects, but rarely in small- scale development. In open- source projects, the authors commonly receive patches or many people publish patches that fix particular problems or add certain functionality, like support for local languages outside the project's locale.
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